The situation is quite different on the Macintosh. The Windows, Menu, and (on notebooks) Fn keys are squeezed in between Ctrl and Alt. This places two “Ctrl” keys at the outermost position of the bottom row of keys with two “Alt” keys flanking the space bar. However, even though variations abound, the standard 101-key IBM layout dating from 1986 (shown at right on a 1987 IBM Model M) has dominated. Generally, Alt-combinations control the GUI (switching windows and selecting menus) while Ctrl-combinations perform actions (copy and paste) but this is not always the case. Most Windows commands use some combination of Ctrl, Alt, and Shift but the mapping is haphazard at best. Combined with the Shift key (which pre-dated the personal computer) these are the most common modifier keys used today. The Alt and Control keys found on most PC keyboards date from the first PCs, with so-called Windows and Menu keys introduced in 1995 and Fn or Function modifier keys found on laptops both before and after. And although most are similar, they are different enough to frustrate even the expert user. See, each platform has its own key combinations for GUI shortcuts and common operations like copy and paste. One of the most critical usability factors in cross-platform typing is the question of what to do about the so-called modifier keys: Control, Command, Alt, and the like. In this era of switchers, Boot Camp, KVM, USB, and virtualization, the question of how to deal with computer keyboard irregularities has become all the more important. Today we deal with an issue that has faced many over the past decades: How to use a PC keyboard with a Macintosh and vice versa. It is one of the most important components of any system, and has survived all assaults by new technologies from the mouse to the pen to the microphone, yet its evolution is marked by legacy functions and terminology that can leave computer users scratching their heads. ![]() To return all the shortcuts to their original key combinations, go to Keyboard settings, click Keyboard Shortcuts, then click Restore Defaults in the bottom-left corner.The lowly computer keyboard is so ubiquitous that it can seem unchanging, but nothing could be further from the truth. See Change a conflicting keyboard shortcut. You need to change your new shortcut or the other shortcut. If you assign a keyboard shortcut that already exists for another command or app, your new shortcut won’t work. Quit and reopen any apps you’re using for the new keyboard shortcut to take effect. You can only use each type of key (for example, a letter key) once in a key combination. In the list on the right, select the checkbox next to the shortcut that you want to change.ĭouble-click the current key combination, then press the new key combination you want to use. You can also customize keyboard shortcuts for specific apps by clicking the App Shortcuts category on the left. In the list on the left, select a category, such as Mission Control or Spotlight. On your Mac, choose Apple menu > System Settings, click Keyboard in the sidebar (you may need to scroll down), then click Keyboard Shortcuts on the right. You can customize some keyboard shortcuts by changing the key combinations. Get started with accessibility features.Use Sign in with Apple for apps and websites.Watch and listen together with SharePlay.Share and collaborate on files and folders.Sync music, books, and more between devices.Make and receive phone calls on your Mac.Use one keyboard and mouse to control Mac and iPad.Use Live Text to interact with text in a photo. ![]() Make text and other items on the screen bigger. ![]() Install and reinstall apps from the App Store.
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